Haley reads in a magazine that people who drink five cups of coffee a day are smarter and more productive than people who do not drink coffee. She does not drink coffee but is now considering drinking coffee every day. Which of the following information does she need to consider before making this decision?

a. Media tends to avoid drawing causal conclusions from correlational studies.
b. Just as we can generalize from a small group to all people, we also can apply conclusions from a group to an individual.
c. Media reports of information often leave out details about the nature of the sample used in a given study.
d. Quality of research and findings is uniform among all psychology journals.